Bibliometric Analysis: Emotional Intelligence on Leadership
##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.main##
Abstract
Introduction/Main Objectives: This study explores research trends on Emotional Intelligence (EI) within transformational leadership. As EI increasingly emerges as a critical competency for effective leadership in dynamic organizational settings, examining its scholarly development is essential. Background Problems: Despite extensive EI research across disciplines, its integration into transformational leadership remains fragmented. Limited understanding persists regarding how EI supports leadership development across cultural and institutional contexts. This study addresses these gaps by analyzing global research trends and directions of EI within transformational leadership. Novelty: This paper presents a comprehensive bibliometric review mapping the global landscape of EI-related studies in leadership. It highlights underexplored dimensions such as cultural diversity, digital work environments, and leadership development programs—areas often overlooked in previous studies. Research Methods: Using the Scopus database, 1,428 documents were retrieved with the keyword “Emotional Intelligence,” restricted to the Business, Management, and Accounting field. Bibliometric analysis with VOSviewer examined co-authorship, keyword co-occurrence, publication trends, and geographical distribution. Finding/Results: Publications on EI have grown steadily between 1999 and 2024, peaking during 2005–2010 and 2016–2024. Thematic links connect EI with emotional regulation, motivation, empowerment, and innovation. The United States, United Kingdom, and Australia were identified as leading contributors, with influential scholars including Neal M. Ashkanasy and Ronald H. Humphrey. Conclusion: The findings reaffirm EI’s critical role in transformational leadership and highlight the need for further exploration in cross-cultural and digital contexts. The study offers insights for developing emotionally intelligent leadership frameworks to enhance adaptability and organizational performance.
##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.details##

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
- Ashkanasy, N. M., & Daus, C. S. (2005). Rumors of the death of emotional intelligence in organizational behavior are vastly exaggerated. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26(4), 441–452. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.320
- Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., & Allen, K. B. (2004). Assessment of mindfulness by self-report: The Kentucky inventory of mindfulness skills. Assessment, 11(3), 191–206. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191104268029
- Bass, B. M., & Riggio, R. E. (2006). T R a Nsfor M At Iona L L E Ade R Sh I P. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781135618896
- Brackett, M. A., Bailey, C. S., Hoffmann, J. D., & Simmons, D. N. (2019). RULER: A Theory-Driven, Systemic Approach to Social, Emotional, and Academic Learning. Educational Psychologist, 54(3), 144–161. https://doi.org/10.1080/00461520.2019.1614447
- Chen, C., Dubin, R., & Kim, M. C. (2014). Emerging trends and new developments in regenerative medicine: A scientometric update (2000—2014. Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, 14(9), 1295–1317. https://doi.org/10.1517/14712598.2014.920813
- Chen, L., Chen, P., & Lin, Z. (2020). Artificial Intelligence in Education: A Review. IEEE Access, 8, 75264–75278. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2988510
- Daus, C. S., & Ashkanasy, N. M. (2005). The case for the ability-based model of emotional intelligence in organizational behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26(4), 453–466. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.321
- Devonish, D. (2016). Emotional intelligence and job performance: The role of psychological well-being. International Journal of Workplace Health Management, 9(4), 428–442. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJWHM-04-2016-0031
- Donthu, N., Kumar, S., Mukherjee, D., Pandey, N., & Lim, W. M. (2021). How to conduct a bibliometric analysis: An overview and guidelines. Journal of Business Research, 133, 285–296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.04.070
- Durlak, J. A., Weissberg, R. P., Dymnicki, A. B., Taylor, R. D., & Schellinger, K. B. (2011). The Impact of Enhancing Students’ Social and Emotional Learning: A Meta-Analysis of School-Based Universal Interventions. Child Development, 82(1), 405–432. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01564.x
- Elyoseph, Z., Hadar-Shoval, D., Asraf, K., & Lvovsky, M. (2023). ChatGPT outperforms humans in emotional awareness evaluations. Frontiers in Psychology, 14(May). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1199058
- George, J. M. (2000). Emotions and leadership: The role of emotional intelligence. Human Relations, 53(8), 1027–1055. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726700538001
- Goleman, D., & Boyatzis, R. (2017). Emotional intelligence has 12 elements. Which do you need to work on. Harvard Business Review, 84, 1–5.
- Hargreaves, A. (2000). Mixed emotions: Teachers’ perceptions of their interactions with students. Teaching and Teacher Education, 16(8), 811–826. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0742-051X(00)00028-7
- Humphrey, N. (2013). Social and emotional learning: A critical appraisal. SAGE Publications.
- Joseph, D. L., & Newman, D. A. (2010). Emotional Intelligence: An Integrative Meta-Analysis and Cascading Model. Journal of Applied Psychology, 95(1), 54–78. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0017286
- Kleef, G. A. V. (2022). The Social Effects of Emotions. Annual Review of Psychology, 73, 629–658. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-020821-010855
- Kotsou, I., Mikolajczak, M., Heeren, A., Grégoire, J., & Leys, C. (2019). Improving Emotional Intelligence: A Systematic Review of Existing Work and Future Challenges. Emotion Review, 11(2), 151–165. https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073917735902
- Kwasi Dartey-Baah, B. M. (2017). The Leaders; Emotional Intelligence: An Antecedent of Employees; Volunatry Workplace Behaviour. African Journal of Economic and Management Studies, 5(3), 1–29. https://doi.org/10.1108/AJEMS-01-2012-0002
- Lin, Y., & Yu, Z. (2024). A bibliometric analysis of artificial intelligence chatbots in educational contexts. Interactive Technology and Smart Education, 21(2), 189–213. https://doi.org/10.1108/ITSE-12-2022-0165
- Lopes, P. N., Salovey, P., Côté, S., & Beers, M. (2005). Emotion regulation abilities and the quality of social interaction. Emotion, 5(1), 113–118. https://doi.org/10.1037/1528-3542.5.1.113
- Lopez-Zafra, E., Ramos-álvarez, M. M., El Ghoudani, K., Luque-Reca, O., Augusto-Landa, J. M., Zarhbouch, B., Alaoui, S., Cortés-Denia, D., & Pulido-Martos, M. (2019). Social support and emotional intelligence as protective resources for well-being in Moroccan adolescents. Frontiers in Psychology, 10(JULY). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01529
- Luthans, F., Avolio, B. J., Avey, J. B., & Norman, S. M. (2007). DigitalCommons @ University of Nebraska—Lincoln Positive Psychological Capital: Measurement and Relationship with Performance and Satisfaction Positive Psychological Capital: Measurement and Relationship with Performance and Satisfaction. Personnel Psychology, 60, 541–572.
- Management, F. M., & Journal, E. (2024). THE CORRELATION BETWEEN EMOTIONAL IN℡LIGENCE AND TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP BEHAVIOR, 04(10), 9–15.
- Mayer, J. D., Caruso, D. R., & Salovey, P. (2016). The Ability Model of Emotional Intelligence: Principles and Updates. Emotion Review, 8(4), 290–300. https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073916639667
- Miao, C., Humphrey, R. H., & Qian, S. (2018). A cross-cultural meta-analysis of how leader emotional intelligence influences subordinate task performance and organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of World Business, 53(4), 463–474. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2018.01.003
- Narendran, S., Jaiswal, R., Rai, P., Haralayya, B., Singh Yadav, A., & Kumar Mishra, A. (2024). Exploring The Impact Of Emotional Intelligence On Leadership Effectiveness: A Meta-Analysis In Management Studies. Theory And Practice, 2024(4), 1668–1673. https://doi.org/10.53555/kuey.v30i4.1728
- Nasir, M., & Saidi, N. (2024). Transformational Leadership and Employee Well-being: The Role of Emotional Intelligence and Organisational Culture in China (Vol. 3, pp. 317–322).
- Ni’matuzahroh, N., V., W., Dyah Artaria, M., & Suen, M. W. (2021). The COVID-19 pandemic and healthcare workers psychological well-being: A cross-sectional survey in Indonesia. Nursing Open, 8(6), 3212–3221. https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.1034
- Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., Brennan, S. E., Chou, R., Glanville, J., Grimshaw, J. M., Hróbjartsson, A., Lalu, M. M., Li, T., Loder, E. W., Mayo-Wilson, E., McDonald, S., & Moher, D. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. The BMJ, 372. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71
- Pasquier, A., Ponthieu, G., Papon, L., Bréjard, V., & Rezzi, N. (2022). Working on the identification and expression of emotions in primary schools for better oral production: An exploratory study of links between emotional and language skills. Education, 50(8), 1107–1120. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004279.2021.1938167
- Petrides, K. V., Sanchez-Ruiz, M.-J., Siegling, A. B., Saklofske, D. H., & Mavroveli, S. (2018). Emotional Intelligence as Personality: Measurement and Role of Trait Emotional Intelligence in Educational Contexts. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90633-1_3
- Rosete, D., & Ciarrochi, J. (2005). Emotional intelligence and its relationship to workplace performance outcomes of leadership effectiveness. Leadership and Organization Development Journal, 26(5), 388–399. https://doi.org/10.1108/01437730510607871
- Salovey, P., & Mayer, J. D. (1990). Emotional intelligence. Educational Leadership, 9(3), 185–211. https://doi.org/10.2190/dugg-p24e-52wk-6cdg
- Sanchez-Gomez, M., & Breso, E. (2020). In pursuit of work performance: Testing the contribution of emotional intelligence and burnout. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(15), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155373
- Sharma, R. (2024). The Role of Emotional Intelligence in Effective Leadership. Journal of Advanced Management Studies, 1(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.36676/jams.v1.i1.01
- Shu, L., Xie, J., Yang, M., Li, Z., Li, Z., Liao, D., Xu, X., & Yang, X. (2018). A review of emotion recognition using physiological signals. Sensors (Switzerland, 18(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/s18072074
- Wahyuni, W., & Al Rasyid, H. (2022). Pengaruh Pembiasaan, Kecerdasan Emosional dan Dukungan Orang Tua Terhadap Kemandirian Anak. Jurnal Obsesi : Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 6(4), 3034–3049. https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v6i4.2301
- Wong, C. S., & Law, K. S. (2017). The effects of leader and follower emotional intelligence on performance and attitude: An exploratory study. In Leadership Perspectives (Vol. 13). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315250601-10
- Woolley, A. W., Chabris, C. F., Pentland, A., Hashmi, N., & Malone, T. W. (2010). Evidence for a collective intelligence factor in the performance of human groups. Science, 330(6004), 686–688. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1193147
- Zhu, C. (2021). Cyberbullying Among Adolescents and Children: A Comprehensive Review of the Global Situation, Risk Factors, and Preventive Measures. In Frontiers in Public Health (Vol. 9). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.634909